Buffers

A weak acid and its partner

An interactive lesson with 6 steps, about 5 minutes: you predict, drag and solve, with instant feedback on every answer. It runs in your browser and needs JavaScript.

What you’ll learn

• Buffer = weak acid + its conjugate base.
• pH = pKa + log([A⁻]/[HA]); choose pKa near the target pH.

Steps

1. Shock absorbers for pH
2. Same acid, two beakers
3. An acetate buffer
4. Blood’s buffer
5. Pick a buffer
6. What ratio?